Conclusion report for the internship journey Essay

Conclusion report for the internship journey - Essay Example The major challenge was language difference, especially when interacting with customer and staff. However, I did my best to create a profitable impact and add value both to Guangdong and myself. There were both memorable and awkward situation during the two months in Guangdong but all these posed as lessons and opportunities to learn more. With the help of one of the staff, I gained confidence, customer relation skills, teamwork skills, intrapersonal and interpersonal communication skills. The main focus of my internship would be the opportunity to participate in the exhibition of Lingnan Folk Craftworks, Sparkling Flowers, and Ingenious Craftsmanship and Creativity. Sparkling flowers exhibition entailed displaying all collected works by Enamel while Craftsmanship and Creativity involved works by Canton Embroiidery. Exhibiting Lingnan Folk Craftworks expounded more on the culture and traditions of chines. I came to learn of their unique art, painting and paper cutting skills, as well as, their cultural believes. Lastly, I also came to learn of the Guangzhou residential furnishings with keen reference to the furniture tracing back to Ming and Qing dynasties. However, designs for furniture have changed and the old have been replaced with better designs or refurnished to be better. It was clear that the preferences and designs of people change with emerging

Apply Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice Essay Example for Free

Apply Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice Essay 1. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (The National Law 2009) has great importance on the governance of the conduct of registered and enrolled nurses. The National Law allows national boards to manage the development of health profession standards. The National Law has requirement for national boards to enterprise wide range consultation on registration standards, codes and guidelines. The National Law organise a national scheme which include registration arrangement, accreditation arrangement, complaints, conducts, health and performance arrangements, privacy and information-sharing arrangement and transitional arrangements. 2. (a). Two legislations that mandate nurses to report to nominated government authorities where elderly people and/or children in their care are at risk of harm from others are Australian Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (2009) Children and Community services amendment act 2008 (b). These acts are state act, which can vary state or territory wide in Australia. (c). These legislations make ENs aware to provide safe environment and keep away elderly people and children from any harm by reporting to nominated government. This legislation helps to reduce some professionals to be involved in some cases. It is legal requirement for ENs to report all reasonable beliefs of any risk of harm for elderly people and/or children. 3. Four domains of the National Competency Standards for Enrolled Nurse are: (a) Professional and Ethical practices: Enrolled Nurses work according to legislation, policies and procedures to demonstrate knowledge of legislation and common law, organizational policies and procedure, fulfill the duty of care, report practices that may breach legislations, polices and procedures. ENs performs in ethical way, respect the rights of individual and groups, and accept accountability and responsibility for own actions within enrolled nursing practices. (b) Critical thinking and analysis: Enrolled nurses establish critical thinking to perform enrolled  nursing practice by assessing own performance through nursing standards, by self professional development, by own care. (c) Management of care: Enrolled nurses participate to form care plans with RN through accurate data collection and report of health and functional status of individuals and groups, through identification of expected healthcare outcomes, through evaluation of progress of individuals and groups to achieve expected outcomes with RN. ENs manage nursing care of individuals and groups by implementing planned nursing care to get identified outcomes, by recognizing any change in health and functional status, report and document it accurately and on time. (d) Enabling: Enrolled nurses promote safety, security and personal integrity of individuals and groups, which include their actions of safety, create and maintain effective communication, applying strategies for promotion of self-esteem of individual and groups, actions to maintain dignity and integrity of individuals and groups. Enrolled nurses provide support and care to individuals and groups and participate with members of healthcare team to achieve effective healthcare outcomes. 4. The NMBA new Code of Ethics August 2008 define the nursing profession’s commitment to respect, promote, protect and support the fundamental rights od receiver and provider of nursing and healthcare. Its impact on practice of enrolled nurses is to: Provide quality nursing care, taking action on reasonable ground Respect the individual’s ethical values with gentleness Understand different culture and languages influence the nursing and healthcare Demonstrate the ability to reasonably and equitably provide services depends on needs, social standings, ethnicity, age, race, level of income, gender Support culture of safety because safety is everyone’s responsibility Document all information accurately, non-judgmentally and relevant to health, acre and treatment of a person and should be confidential Prevent, minimize and overcome the harmful effect of economic, social or ecological factors on health Promote and maintain the trust between nurse care receiver Perform ethically 5. The purpose of NMBA new code of Professional Conduct August 2008 for nurses is to: Specify a base to consumer, regulatory, employing and professional bodies for evaluating professional conduct of nurses Form a set of minimum national standards of conduct, nurses are supposed to support Inform the community of standards of professional conduct, it can sustain nurses in Australia References: 1. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 27 October 2009, consultation paper on registration standards and related matters, viewed 16 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 2. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, 2010, Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Law 2009, viewed 16 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 3. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, 2014, Mandatory notification, viewed 15 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 4. Australian Institute of Family Studies, 8 August 2014, What is mandatory reporting?, viewed 15 August 2014, www.aifs.gov.au 5. Hughson, J, 2013, ‘Nursing: Historical, present and future perspectives’, The Tabbner’s Nursing Care (6th edition), Kesteven S., Libby Houston, Chatswood, NSW, pp. 11-12 6. Australian Nursing Midwifery Council, 2008, Codes of professional conduct and ethics for nurses and midwives in Australia, viewed 17 August 2014, http://dlb.sa.edu.au/tsftfmoodle/pluginfile.php/998/mod_resource/content/0/COMMUNICAT E_AND_WORK_EFFECTIVELY_IN_HEALTH/element_1/ANMCwebsiteversion.pdf 7. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 2014, Codes of Professional conduct for nurses in Australia, viewed 17 August 2014, www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 8. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 2014, Codes of Ethics for nurse august 2008, viewed 17 August 2014, www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au

Management of Invasive Cervical Resorption | Case Report

Management of Invasive Cervical Resorption | Case Report Management of Invasive Cervical Resorption with Heithersay approach: a case report. Abstract: Invasive Cervical Resorption (ICR) is a relatively uncommon clinical finding, characterized by invasion of cervical region of the root by fibro-vascular tissue derived from periodontal ligament. In this case report, a 45 year old female patient came with dislodged restoration in maxillary left lateral incisor. She revealed history of trauma she had undergone ten years back with blow from utensil. Her history also stated that she had developed decay in distal aspect of the same tooth for which she had got filling done 4 years back. Here, trauma and intra coronal restoration might be the predisposing factors for ICR. Since this case of ICR was class 3 defect, the Heithersay approach was treatment of choice. Key words: Invasive Cervical Resorption, Heithersay approach, non surgical, trauma, Intra coronal restoration. Introduction: Invasive Cervical Resorption (ICR) is a relatively uncommon clinical finding. This may occur in any tooth in the permanent dentition at the cervical location and invasive in nature and leads to progressive loss of tooth structure1. This pathological process is characterized by invasion of cervical region of the root by fibro-vascular tissue derived from periodontal ligament. There is progressive resorption of cementum, enamel and dentine to eventually involve pulp in the later stages2. The exact etiology of ICR is poorly understood but several predisposing factors have been identified. These were documented following first report by Harrington and Natkin in 19793. Orthodontics was the most common sole factor (21.2%) followed by trauma (14%); intracoronal bleaching was sole predisposing factor for lesser extent and to a greater extent it was in combination with trauma and/ or orthodontic treatment. Surgery involving cemento enamel junction (5.9%), periodontal therapy (4%), bruxism (2%), and intra coronal restorations (15.3%) were less common as predisposing factors. 15% of the patients showed no definite potential predisposing factor2. A clinical classification has been developed by Heithersay not just as research tool but allows for complete assessment of results of cases of ICR by non-surgical or surgical regimen. Treatment of ICR should aim at the inactivation of all the resorptive tissue and the restoration of resorptive defect. For the small, localized lesions (class 1 or 2), he reported that successful treatment was close to 100%. For the moderate-size lesions (class 3), he reported a 77.8% success rate. For the extensive, class 4 lesions, his success rate was only 12.5%2. Part of the confusion about ICR is that it is identified in the literature by at least nine different names. Heithersay1 coined the name invasive cervical resorption used in this article. It is sometimes referred to as extracanal invasive resorption based on an article by Frank and Backland in 1987 4 and was recently labeled as external cervical resorption (ECR) by Patel et al in 20095. The case we are presenting falls under class 3 category of classification based on clinical and radiological findings. Case Report: A 45 year old female patient reported to Department of Conservative Dentistry Endodontics with dislodged restoration in relation to upper left lateral incisor. Her history also revealed trauma she had undergone ten years back with blow from utensil. Her history stated that she had developed decay in distal aspect of the same tooth for which she had got filling done from local dentist 4 years back, which is dislodged now. On examination of 22, there was class III arrested caries and dislodged restoration on distal aspect. In the cervical area of the tooth, red coloured defect was noted (figure 1). On probing this resorptive cavity wall, hard mineralized tissue was felt accompanied by sharp scraping sound. The tooth was asymptomatic. Electric pulp test was negative. No periodontal pockets on probing. Radiograph revealed an irregular ‘moth eaten’ appearance in the cervical area and there were no periapical changes seen(figure2). Management: Since this case of ICR was class 3 defect, the Heithersay approach was treatment of choice. The maxillary left lateral incisor is treated under rubber dam isolation. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 90% is applied on small cotton pellet to resorptive tissue on the palatal aspesct of the tooth for 3-4 minutes (figure 3). The TCA is replenished atleast twice till resorptive tissue undergoes coagulative necrosis (figure 4). The resorptive tissue is removed by curettage. Root canal treatment is carried out with hand instruments.(ICR 10) K-files (Mani, Inc. Japan). Sodium hypochlorite 2.5% (Prevest Denpro Limited Jammu, India), Normal saline (Preet International Pvt.ltd. New Delhi, India) and EDTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) are used as irrigants during root canal treatment. The canal is obturated with zinc oxide eugenol cement (Vishal Dentocare, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India) and gutta-percha (Dentsply). Now the resorptive defect is restored with glass ionomer cement (figure 5). A post operative radiograph revealed satisfactory filling of resorptive defect. (figure 6) At a follow-up period of one year, radiograph showed satisfactory treatment outcome and no signs of further resorption. Discussion: Whatever be the treatment modality of treating ICR, ultimate goal should be removal of resorptive tissue and restoration of the defect1. The chosen material which should be esthetic, biologically acceptable and the one that provides strength to already weakened tooth structure 6. Here, trauma and intra coronal restoration might be the predisposing factors for ICR. Since this case of ICR was class 3 defect, the Heithersay approach was treatment of choice. The topical application of trichloracetic acid as an adjunctive measure in the removal or inactivation of active resorptive tissue in cases of invasive cervical rà ©sorption provides an alternative approach to other methods that have been reported 7-11. Since 1977, Heithersay wrote a classic series of articles in which he describes the predisposing factors, features and recommended treatment regimen for treating ICR. He describes class 3 defect can be best treated by Heithersay approach 2. The clinical advantages of this approach are: better patient comfort, avoidance of flap procedure, avoidance of bone removal while gaining access to the defect, control of hemorrhage and inactivation of small, fibro-vascular tissue 6. This treatment regimen is well accepted by patients as it is least traumatic and cost effective and carries good prognosis. Trichloroacetic acid 90% causes coagulation necrosis of resorptive tissues. The additional advantage of TCA is its effect on periodontal ligament tissue adjacent to resorptive site where it is able to destroy actively resorptive cells by same mechanism of coagulation necrosis while expecting uncomplicated repair of the tissues 6. The insertion of suitable restorative material is facilitated by moisture control of both blood and tissue fluids following application of TCA. Thus a moisture-free field was created for placement of glass ionomer cement. Glass inomer cement(GIC) provides some reinforcement to weakened tooth structure 12. While many of the restorations need to be placed subgingivally, the glass ionomer cement used was well tolerated owing to its fluoride release and subsequent antimicrobial effect 13.Conditioning prior to insertion of GIC is not necessary as TCA has been shown to condition enamel and dentine 14. Early and accurate diagnosis of ICR along with well planned treatment regimen can lead to successful treatment outcome and long-term retention of the affected teeth

Marketing MA Management and International Business Essay -- Business a

Marketing MA Management and International Business Introduction CRM is a term for methodologists, technologies and e-commerce capabilities -used by companies to manage customer relationships. (Foss, 2001:1) It is also called customer management, customer care and sometimes customer centricity or customer-centric management. (Brown, 2000:1) All the names and definitions of CRM have customer, as its core-it is the management of customer relationships, which attempts to revolutionize marketing and reshape entire business models. To survive and grow the business must make a profit. To make a profit it has to find people who are willing to pay more for its products/services than they cost. Therefore profit comes from customers. All Profit comes from customers So if no profit=no business And no customers=no profit Then no customers=no business Therefore customers ARE the business The idea of CRM is not new-it was the way the local shopkeeper treated his customer-he knew him, knew what was happening in his life, what he was buying, (one to one marketing?) etc. What is new though is that nowadays the retailers try to establish dialog with tens of thousands or even millions of customers in an attempt to understand them better, their individual needs and maximise the lifetime value of this relationship. In this respect it is not ‘revolution’ of marketing, but rather ‘evolution’. The old model of doing business is back into action but armed with technology and different schemes to reach the customer and retain them for life. The four types of CRM programmes, described by Stanley (2000) are aimed at enabling the company to win back customers, who have defected or are planning to, (Win Back or Save), to create loyalty among customers (Retail Loyalty), to up-sell or cross sell services to these customers (Cross Sell/Up-Sell) and to prospect for new customers (Prospecting) Retail Loyalty "Loyalty is a feeling or attitude of devoted attachment and affection; or the act of binding oneself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action. (http://dictionary.reference.com) In everyday life loyalty implies emotional commitment to family and friends, fidelity in marriage. It also suggests monogamy-one choice above all others. (Humby et.al, 2003:9) In this sense loyalty is something expected. But when it comes to... ...ce a Customer, Always a Customer† Dublin: Oak Tree Press Foss, B., Stone, M., (2001) â€Å"Successful Customer Relationship Marketing† London: Kogan Page Gilbert, D., (1999) â€Å"Retail Marketing Management† Harlow: FT/Pitman Humby, C. et al., (2003) â€Å"Scoring Points† London: Kogan Page Oliver R. (1997) â€Å"Research† New York: McGraw Hill Omar, O (1999) â€Å"Retail Marketing† London:FT Management Reichheld, R. (1996) â€Å"The Quest for Loyalty† Boston: Harvard Business School Press Daley, J (2004)† Is a toaster a fair swap for your loyalty as a shopper?† The Independent (http://proquest.umi.com) Davis, H. (2002) â€Å"Marketing is all about intellectual use of data† Loyalty Guide Jones, K (2002) â€Å"Are you exploiting the potential of your customer base?† Loyalty Guide http://www.at1.uk.com/Loyalty_Fundamentals.htm www.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/search/results. asda+loyalty+scheme www.foodanddrinkeurope.com/news/news- -loyalty-cards http://www.mori.com/polls/2002/blacksun.shtml 2002) http://money.guardian.co.uk/(Datamonitor report by E.Ripley) www.mori.com http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/52056.stm Cross J. (2004) Lecture notes Southampton, University College

Case Review :: Essays Papers

Case Review Situation Analysis From our analysis, we were able to discover causes to the previous stated problems in the Parma plant. The causes of the problems appeared to be: 1) Lack of Communication 2) Conflict 3) Ill Decision Making 4) Organizational Change 5) Job Design Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages with attached meanings. It appeared the new Shop Chairman did communicate effectively with Bill Marsh, Bob Lintz, or the salaried employees. The employees faced rumors of being closed, but specific plant closing details were not communicated to the employees. Conflict is whenever disagreements exist in a social situation over issues of substance or whenever emotional antagonisms create frictions between individuals or groups. The enormous list of demands, from the reigning Shop Chairman, was believed to have created individual differences, conflict, tension, and threatened the openness of management and union leadership, even the openness of Bob Lintz and the hourly employees. Decision-making is the process of choosing a course of action for dealing with a problem or opportunity. Different management styles of the previous Shop Chairman and the reigning Shop Chairman were different. The former Shop Chairman utilized a teamwork approached. The reigning Shop Chairman appeared to make decisions for the â€Å"good† of the union without Parma management or employee feedback. Organizational Change is a group of people working together to achieve change. GM placed demands on Parma to change the organization as quickly and cost effectively as possible. GM promoted the reduction of salaried employees, elimination of management layers, reduction of major benefits and bonus’. Job Design is the process of defining job tasks and the work arrangements to accomplish them.

Principles of communication in adult social care setting Essay

Explain how communication affects relationships in an adult social care setting Relationships are important within a social care setting as residents need to feel that are in an environment where they are able to communicate confidence to any ember of staff. Communications between all staff are equally important due to changes to the needs of certain residents in relations to their care and support they need to receive. Communication is also used in informing doctors, social workers and other medical profession’s about changes with residents for example if: Mr smith medication had been changed and he was reacting to it, we could ring the doctors for help and advice for the best solution to help Mr Smith. . Understand how to meet communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of an individual . 1 Compare ways to establish the communication and language needs, wishes and preference of an individual There are different ways to establish communication with an individual by using verbal or non-verbal communication for example non-verbal communication such as sign language as people who are hard of hearing may be reassured by the use of sign. Interpreters can be used to help language barriers by ensuring all care and wishes are being protected such as religious rules and preferences. Together with this your body language is equally important as the way e present ourselves to people can set the tone of the conversation we are about to have. Verbal communication can also be used to ensure all needs, wishes and conversation with the resident. 2. Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication There are loads of different factors to consider when promoting effective communication, such as the hearing ability of the person in which you are talking to, the sight as many people follow your mouth while they are being spoke to if they are hard of hearing, the tone of your voice help explain the reason for the conversation. Speaking on the same level to help the resident from feeling intimidated. The environment is also a massive contributor in helping promote effective communication such as family and friends, or even what you hear on the radio or see on the television this can help by Just hearing someone’s voice or seeing things on the television you may feel that you are not alone and can comfort residence that may like to spend time within their own space, it can also help by following story lines within society 2. 3 Describe a range of communication methods and styles to meet individual needs. Different communication styles and methods while ensuring you meet the needs of an individual can be meet in different ways such as looking into someone’s eyes helps to establish there mood and feeling by the way they are looking to what you’re saying, there face can help explain how they are understanding what you are saying to them and can also indicate if they are in any pain or discomfort, tone of voice can also set the tone for the conversation weather it is informal or a formal conversation. Touch can also help to meet the needs of the individual as though touching someone ou can send different vibes such as care, affection, reassurance or even power over them. Body language is a other way to communicate to help meet the needs of an individual by sitting on the same level as someone you can make the situation more relaxed than standing tall over them which could make them feel intimidated. Research has shown that people pay more attention to facial expressions and tone of voice than spoken words, also behaviour is also an important as you must respect the individual no matter what day you are having you must remember that you need to emain professional. You can also communicate using verbal communication such as different styles of vocabulary, pitch and even the pitch of you voice while speaking to an individual. 2. Explain why it is important to respond to an individual’s reaction when communicating It is important to respond to an individual’s reactions while communicating with them as they may become scared, worried or even not understand what is been asked or said to them. They may also need to be comforted understand what is been asked or said, you can do this by nodding your head, aking eye contact or even repeating what has been said in the conversation. 3. Understand how to overcome barriers to communication

General Safety and Security Essay

* Investment in surveillance camera systems by school districts ensures parents and guardians that the general safety and security of children are being addressed during schools hours and at all after-school extracurricular activities and programs. 2. Crime Deterrent * The presence of highly visible surveillance cameras at strategic locations in buildings and public areas/premises of a school property prevents theft, vandalism and acts as a deterrent to thieves and criminals from indulging in illegal activities. 3. Sexual Predators * One of the biggest threats that school children face is the threat of sexual predators and pedophiles hanging around unobtrusively on school campuses or in parking lots. Camera systems’ footage is very useful in tracking down predators or helping inform police about threatening situations in real time. 4. Prevent Bullying * New-generation surveillance camera systems have audio, voice and sound capturing capabilities. Teenagers bullying or harassing other students can be disciplined based on video and audio footage records. 5. Emergency Evacuation * School security personnel manning surveillance camera systems in real-time can take quick action about evacuating children, faculty and staff in case of emergencies related to fire or other potentially dangerous situations. Prevent Theft and Illegal Activities * The primary purpose of installing surveillance cameras is to act as deterrence to robbers, criminals, petty thieves and unscrupulous elements from indulging in theft, illicit and criminal activities. Security cameras are installed in bungalows, townhouses, apartment buildings, condominiums, schools, university campuses, offices, stores, malls and other public areas. These cameras monitor suspicious activities; stop theft, vandalism and shoplifting; and alert stationed security officers about real-time thefts. Staff monitoring cameras and centrally manned systems in large businesses can also inform county and state law enforcement officials about developing dangerous situations.